{"id":1824,"date":"2022-06-14T13:01:14","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T11:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824"},"modified":"2022-05-23T14:19:58","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T12:19:58","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"inner-body-desc\">\n<p><span><span class=\"\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627.\u00a0<\/span>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister.\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627.\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.\u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f.\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646.\u00a0(2021): &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 &#8220;.2 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061f\u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643 (2017 \u060c 17):\u00a0&#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0627 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f] \u064a\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 &#8211; \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0633 (2020 \u060c 293) \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627&#8221;.\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u060c 4 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2020 \u0648 2021. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 200\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648.\u00a0\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<span class=\"\">5 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a MMT \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 MMT \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629&#8221; ( \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634 \u060c 2021).\u00a0<\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0633\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d .6 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 Drumetz and Pfister (2021a) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (Drumetz and Pfister \u060c 2021b) \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a 7<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u060c MMT \u0648 MMT \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister (2021a\u060c 360) \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 MMT \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648 MMT.\u00a0\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1) \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645.\u00a0\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 MMT \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister (2021a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 MMT \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.\u00a0\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a) \u060c\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f.\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636.\u00a0\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><b><span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<span>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister MMT \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 MMT \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/h5>\n<table class=\"Table\" width=\"1080\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>Drumetz \u0648 Pfister MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>1<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>6<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0627\u0645 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>12<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>13<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>14<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"story-table-figure-text-beneath\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Drumetz and Pfister (2021a) \u061b\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627.\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 MMT \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640 MMT \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1) \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (ECB) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (2020): &#8220;\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (2021) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .\u00a0\u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c 60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0643\u064a (2009) \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a.\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0643\u064a: &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0636.\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f (McLeay et al. \u060c 2014).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629).\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Ehnts (2016 \u060c 119) .13 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Zentralkonto des Bundes) \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631 .\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (Bundesbank) \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h5>\n<table class=\"Table\" width=\"1080\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>Bundesbank \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><span>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8211; 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span><span class=\"\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8211; 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0628\u0646\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"story-table-figure-text-beneath\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Ehnts (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0645\u0646 Revenir \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629) \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 .14 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648.\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0649 MMT \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 .15 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4) \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (PEPP) \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.\u00a016 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2).\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 130\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 200\u066a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 3).\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643.\u00a0\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8211; \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>MMT \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648 MMT \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u0635\u0641 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister (2021a\u060c 357) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 MMT \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639) \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629).\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 .17 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 MMT \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 MMT \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a.\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Ehnts and H\u00f6fgen \u060c 2019).\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 13).\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a) \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12).\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 MMT \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623.\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631.\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641).\u00a0\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0643.\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u061f\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7).\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 MMT \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 MMT \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u00a0MMT \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629.\u00a0<\/span>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 7\u066a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u060c\u00a0\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7).\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 2\u066a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 2\u066a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 2\u066a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Mosler and Armstrong\u060c 2019).\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 Wray \u0648 Nersisyan (2021) \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f) \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 8).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633.\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1961 \u0648 1966 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1\u066a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.4\u066a \u0648 3.3\u066a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 MMT \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 (Levey \u060c 2021) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.\u00a0\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 (Armstrong and Mosler\u060c 2020).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u061b\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645.\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00a0(2019) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631&#8221;.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 MMT \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646.\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.\u00a0\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 &#8220;\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 9).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1<\/span><br \/>\n<span>\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intereconomics.eu\/files\/journal-issues\/intereconomics\/10.1007\/s10272-022-1041-x\/Ehnts-abb-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intereconomics.eu\/files\/journal-issues\/intereconomics\/10.1007\/s10272-022-1041-x\/Ehnts-abb-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><span class=\"\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 10).\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 &#8211; \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629.\u00a0<\/span>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 .19 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631.\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a MMT \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (Tcherneva \u060c 2020).\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 11).\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 MMT \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Nersisyan and Wray \u060c 2019)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1837\" src=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Federal-Reserve-Bank-of-St.-Louis-300x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Federal-Reserve-Bank-of-St.-Louis-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Federal-Reserve-Bank-of-St.-Louis.png 492w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>14<\/p>\n<p><span>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister (2021a \u060c 2021b) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627).\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649&#8221;) \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 MMT \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Drumetz \u0648 Pfister \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (Bundesbank) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 PEPP \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 Ehnts \u0648 Paetz (2021).\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>* \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz and Pfister (2021a \u060c 2021b).\u00a0\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.\u00a0\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Ehnts (2022).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>1 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 Sheard (2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 2 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 https:\/\/twitter.com\/stlouisfed\/status\/1447612987196456972.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 3JEL E12 \u0648 B52 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 Modern Monetary Theory \u0648 Mitchell et al.\u00a0(2019) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f Kelton (2020) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 4https: \/\/www.igmchicago.org\/surveys\/modern-monetary-theory\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0648 midd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"share-list\">\n<div class=\"share-list-menu\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"wpmdr_menu":2,"wpmdr_menu_extended":{"individualPostRemove":1,"individualPostRemoveDate":1,"individualPostRemoveAuthor":1,"individualPostYoastRemovePublished":1,"individualPostYoastRemoveModified":1},"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10],"tags":[163,162,164,165,166],"class_list":["post-1824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10","tag-decision-making","tag-modern-monetary-theory","tag-money","tag-165","tag-166"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 - \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-14T11:01:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-23T12:19:58+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hasad4alasbooa\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@hasad4news\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@hasad4news\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#blogposting\",\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629: \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0648\\u0635\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u062d\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631 - \\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u0641\\u0629 \\u062d\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628\\u0648\\u0639\",\"headline\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629: \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0648\\u0635\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u062d\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/abstract-tax-4.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":750,\"caption\":\"Dollars swirl 3d abstract illustration.\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-14T13:01:14+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-23T14:19:58+02:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629, Decision-Making, Modern Monetary Theory, Money, \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629, \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u0626\\u064a\\u0633\\u064a\\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?cat=10#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?cat=10#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?cat=10\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629: \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0648\\u0635\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u062d\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u0626\\u064a\\u0633\\u064a\\u0629\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629: \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0648\\u0635\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u062d\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?cat=10#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u0641\\u0629 \\u062d\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628\\u0648\\u0639\",\"description\":\"\\u0628\\u0648\\u0627\\u0628\\u0629 \\u0627\\u062e\\u0628\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0629\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/\",\"telephone\":\"+201002412556\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/hasad4alasbooa\",\"https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/hasad4news\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?author=1#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?author=1\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824\",\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629: \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0648\\u0635\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u062d\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\\u062e\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631 - \\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u0641\\u0629 \\u062d\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628\\u0648\\u0639\",\"description\":\"\\u0641\\u064a \\u0639\\u062f\\u062f \\u0646\\u0648\\u0641\\u0645\\u0628\\u0631 \\\/ \\u062f\\u064a\\u0633\\u0645\\u0628\\u0631 2021 \\u0645\\u0646 Intereconomics \\u060c \\u0642\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646\\u0633\\u0648\\u0627\\u0632 \\u062f\\u0631\\u0648\\u0645\\u064a\\u062a\\u0632 \\u0648\\u0643\\u0631\\u064a\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0641\\u064a\\u0633\\u062a\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0641\\u062d\\u0635 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629 (MMT) \\u0648\\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0648\\u0644\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0639\\u0648\\u0627\\u0642\\u0628 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u064a \\u0633\\u062a\\u062a\\u0628\\u0639\\u0647\\u0627. \\u0647\\u0630\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0631\\u0642\\u0629 \\u0647\\u064a \\u0631\\u062f \\u0639\\u0644\\u0649 Drumetz \\u0648 Pfister. \\u0625\\u0646\\u0647 \\u064a\\u0639\\u064a\\u062f \\u0635\\u064a\\u0627\\u063a\\u0629 \\u062c\\u0648\\u0647\\u0631 MMT \\u0648\\u064a\\u0642\\u062f\\u0645 \\u0628\\u0639\\u0636 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u062d\\u0627\\u062a \\u0644\\u0644\\u0628\\u0646\\u0648\\u0643 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0631\\u0643\\u0632\\u064a\\u0629. \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0647\\u064a \\u062a\\u0641\\u0633\\u064a\\u0631\\u0627\\u062a \\u0644\\u0645\\u0627 \\u0646\\u0631\\u0627\\u0647 \\u060c \\u0648\\u062a\\u0635\\u0641 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629 \\u062a\\u0643\\u0648\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0642\\u0648\\u062f \\u0648\\u062a\\u062f\\u0645\\u064a\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627. \\u0648\\u0645\\u0646 \\u062b\\u0645 \\u060c\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/abstract-tax-4.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":750,\"caption\":\"Dollars swirl 3d abstract illustration.\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/?p=1824#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-14T13:01:14+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-23T14:19:58+02:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"\\u0635\\u062d\\u064a\\u0641\\u0629 \\u062d\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628\\u0648\\u0639\",\"description\":\"\\u0628\\u0648\\u0627\\u0628\\u0629 \\u0627\\u062e\\u0628\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0629\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hasad-alasbooa.com\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","description":"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c","canonical_url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#blogposting","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","headline":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?author=1#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2022\/05\/abstract-tax-4.jpg","width":1000,"height":750,"caption":"Dollars swirl 3d abstract illustration."},"datePublished":"2022-06-14T13:01:14+02:00","dateModified":"2022-05-23T14:19:58+02:00","inLanguage":"ar","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#webpage"},"articleSection":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629, Decision-Making, Modern Monetary Theory, Money, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629, \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com#listItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10#listItem","name":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10#listItem","position":2,"name":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#listItem","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com#listItem","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#listItem","position":3,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10#listItem","name":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/#organization","name":"\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","description":"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/","telephone":"+201002412556","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hasad4alasbooa","https:\/\/twitter.com\/hasad4news"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?author=1#author","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?author=1"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#webpage","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","description":"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c","inLanguage":"ar","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?author=1#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?author=1#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2022\/05\/abstract-tax-4.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824\/#mainImage","width":1000,"height":750,"caption":"Dollars swirl 3d abstract illustration."},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2022-06-14T13:01:14+02:00","dateModified":"2022-05-23T14:19:58+02:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/","name":"\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","description":"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629","inLanguage":"ar","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"ar_AR","og:site_name":"\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 - \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629","og:type":"article","og:title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","og:description":"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c","og:url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824","article:published_time":"2022-06-14T11:01:14+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-05-23T12:19:58+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hasad4alasbooa","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:site":"@hasad4news","twitter:title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 - \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639","twitter:description":"\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (MMT) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 MMT \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u060c","twitter:creator":"@hasad4news"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"1824","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2023-07-23 14:09:06","updated":"2026-01-19 14:48:31","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10\" title=\"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","link":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com"},{"label":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629","link":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?cat=10"},{"label":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631","link":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/?p=1824"}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2022\/05\/abstract-tax-4.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1824"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1838,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824\/revisions\/1838"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasad-alasbooa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}